Council Airport Committee - Regular Meeting
About this meeting
- Government Body
- Council Airport Committee
- Meeting Type
- Council Airport Committee
- Location
- Hayward, CA
- Meeting Date
- June 25, 2025
Transcript
281 sections (from 332 segments)
Okay. Good evening, everybody. Today is Wednesday, June 25 2025. It is 05:30PM. This is the council infrastructure at the airport committee. I'd like to call this meeting to order. And if mister miss sorry. If miss Batos can please, take roll.
Council member Andrews? Present council member Spada? Present. Mayor Salinas?
Present. Thank you. Next is public comment. This is reserved for anybody in the audience that would like to make public comment on something that is not on the agenda. I do have a a public comment from Carl. I never know how to say your last name. Is it Gorinch? Gorinch? Yeah.
That's right. Gorinch? How do you say
Oh, okay. Goreng. Okay. Mister Goreng.
Oh, come.
Yeah. Yeah.
Hello. Thank you for the opportunity to speak to me. My name is Connor. I wouldn't hear if you were I didn't exactly hear anything. So I'm just making public comment because I would I was over at the looking at SkyWest ex SkyWest golf course recently.
And, you know, I've been talking with some folks, and I've been in meetings in the past. And I would love to see if that space gets preserved as green space. And I know people have been talking about this, and and it, you know, could be about all of our meetings that the community is really in support of saving it. And I haven't seen anyone really in support of paving it over and developing it. So I just had to try to, you know, support doing it and keeping it as smart space.
I think that's the basic that's basically it. Thank you. So thank you.
Thank you. Appreciate it. So I'd like to I don't see any more cards. And, you know, because do we have, email online?
Yes.
Melissa?
Hi there. I always like to ask if you can hear me at this point. Yes. Great. Thank you. Hello, mayor Salinas and council member Andrews and and infrastructure airport infrastructure committee.
Hi. We would like
to just say thanks to
Last year, it sounded a bit off my list.
Oh, I'm sorry. Can you hear me better now?
Yes.
Sorry about that. I just wanna say a quick thanks to just some of the things I've noticed around the city that are happening as far as infrastructure improvement is go, is going. You know, I think Hayward is doing a got a great job in a lot of areas. But as you know, I'm going to comment on two different topics. One, just coming to you as a simple Hayward citizen member.
Obviously, I'm involved with the SkyWest preserving SkyWest as open green space. Just to kind of keep you updated, I'm sure some of you already know that we are, you know, gathering community support for keeping SkyWest green and continuing on with that. So I hope you will continue to, sort of listen to what the community is saying and wants regarding, that space. It's, as I've said in the past, it's a it's a great opportunity for environmental, an environmentally supportive space that can offset things like the airport, the data center, that's gonna be going in and using certain types of resources. So I hope you will continue to listen on that subject.
And then secondly, regarding airport the airport itself and just what is, of course, happening that I've mentioned many times about jet fuel being released into the surrounding community. I have contacted or put in some, written, you know, complaints to the airport, and one of their responses was that, you know, there's the berms, the kind of green berms at the end of the airport where the jets warm up, and that that is sufficient. No. It is not. It is not sufficient to take care of those fumes blasting into these surrounding neighborhoods.
So I'm gonna be looking in I will have started, but looking into what do other airports do to, take care of this kinda issue. And, actually, also at the suggestion of council member Andrews, she you know, do your own research. Well, I'm going to and, again, I hope you will when I if I if and when I come up with some good ideas, I hope you will maybe consider and listen to what other other airports are doing to protect their surrounding neighborhoods. With that, I will close. Thank you for listening. Appreciate it.
Thank you. Next caller is I can't see that far.
Jane O'Campo.
Hi. Can you hear me?
Yes.
Okay. I'm a sophomore, a rising junior at Arroyo High School, and I'm also talking to defend SkyWest. And I'm a part of our youth outreach team, and I'd like to say that we're growing growing even more community support for saving SkyWest. And especially a a lot of youth in our community really like that area and would like to save it as open space. And our petition online has more than 1,200 signatures, and we would really like to see this piece of land saved as it houses multiple animals such as the western pond turtle who are a step which are a step away from becoming endangered.
And we really like to see this as a community space, an open space for the youth of our community because it's really important to us. And that's all I have.
Thank you. Next caller. I can't see that far, but I know it's Mimi Dean.
Hi there. I'm pretty sure you can hear me.
Yes.
Excellent. So I'd just like to say that one of our most amazing people that's on our team is Jada Campo, and she has really, helped us reach out to the youth in our communities. And I know that's something that's really important to, the Hayward City Council that you not only get to hear the voices of the adults, but you also get to hear the voices of the young people in our community. So we have gotten, like Jade said, over 1,200 signatures on our online petition, and we have about 500 on our paper petition. Mayor Salinas, you asked me a couple of years ago to get signatures, so we are getting signatures.
And, we haven't run into anybody, that has said to us, no. We should pave, you know, we should pave paradise and put up a parking lot for, you know, people that don't live around here, for people that fly airplanes. So, what we're really hoping for is to preserve this beautiful 126 acres as open space for community benefit. And like Melissa said, you know, to offset some of the other big projects that are going on in Hayward, like the one that Melissa didn't mention, I think, was maybe the Amazon center that we're that we're gonna be seeing come into Hayward in the next very soon. So I just wanna say that you know I'm an advocate for this open space, and I would love it if I don't know if we could agendize this item at a city council meeting.
And so maybe we could I have a really great presentation I'd like to do, and I don't know if it's possible for us to agendize this. Or maybe I could meet with you, mayor Salinas, or some of the city council members and just have a discussion about what you need us to do next to, make our our dream of saving SkyWest for, future generations a reality. And I'm pretty sure you have my contact information, and I really appreciate you listening to me tonight. So thank you so much. Bye bye.
Thank you. Director Mary?
Mayor, we can agenda as an item and put it on the committees. For your consideration, I can provide some information about the ownership of the SkyWest and the restrictions that we have regarding any other use except for using it for airport purposes.
Sure. I
can get that information to you in
the future. That'd be great.
Thank you. And we can consider that towards towards the end of the agenda. Okay. Do we have any other callers?
Mayor Solnice, that will be it.
Thank you. So I can close public comment.
I'm sorry. Someone just raised their handwriting.
Who is
it? Is it? I guess.
Yeah. I can look for three. Can you hear me?
Yes. Go ahead.
Hi. I'm C John Casey, and I'm I'm another youth from the youth council that that's petitioning for saving SkyWest. And I go to Arroyo High School, And I'm friends with Jade Ocampo and Mimi Dean, and I'm also very passionate about about saving SkyWest. And I I also know how there has been many petitions that or, like, complaints that has been said to about how the airport noises has been affecting the community heavily, and I believe that it should be heard and recognized in order to keep our community safe. And well, not really safe, but to keep the community heard. And I believe that SkyWest should also be saved. Thank you.
Thank you. So
what I'm gonna do
is I'm gonna close public comment and move on to our Oh. Yeah. Do have a do you have a card? Go ahead. Make the public comment and fill out the card, and then yeah.
My name is Jennifer Travis.
Press the button. My
name is Jennifer Travis, and I do represent the Albany County Resource Conservation District.
Mhmm.
We are also very interested in SkyWest. Right now, we have had the pleasure of monitoring modern habitats. We're also working in the East Bay Parks, working with Western Pond Turtle, doing some studies, and we would love to see this conserved as an open space. I have one of the grants that I'm looking at right now, and SkyWest could possibly be a location where we could work on some of these proposals and these grants together. We would love to partner with City of Hayward and SkyWest. Thank you.
Thank you.
Okay. Seeing no more public comment, I'm gonna close the public comment and move on to approval of minutes.
Second.
Second. Moved by council member Andrews, seconded by council member Sarah. But if there are no objections, we'll move on, and we'll unanimously pass. Moving on to reports and action items. We have item number two, which is a proposed updates on the sidewalk maintenance and repair ordinance that I believe our director of public works, Alex Samari Shit.
Moved in. Mean, sorry. Excited.
Yeah. Just added to him. It's okay. It's okay.
So moved by council member Andrews, seconded by council member. And if there are no objections, that will unanimously pass. One. Okay. Thank you. And then moving on to item number two, which is the proposed updates to the sidewalk maintenance and repair ordinance. And I believe our public public works director, Alex Murray, can speak this on.
Thank you very much, mister Mayor. This is just to clarify responsibilities related to injuries resulting from hazard in sidewalk conditions. The assistant city attorney, Vadim, and your last name, Abdulman Dodge. Vadim is here to present you.
Good evening, mayor, members of the committee. The item before you is an update to clarify property owner responsibility. As you're likely aware, under state law, the property owner is a j is responsible for the repair and maintenance of the sidewalk in front of their home. We have an ordinance on the municipal code, and it has been in place since at least 2001 that requires property owners to maintain the sidewalks in front of their home. So our ordinance to line the state.
What we're updating is, just a single section that clarifies, that where a property owner fails to get the site involved in
their home and someone is injured,
that property owner is responsible for that injury as well. And we believe that language will be, helpful, in the future. Under the current program, there's three ways that city sidewalks are maintained. First, our maintenance services team receives access Hayward requests from the community. They will go out, within forty eight hours and repair sidewalks.
After those repairs are completed, they send a letter to the property owner saying, this could be a bigger issue. It is your responsibility, property owner, to repair. If and at that point, the property owner would discuss with, our development services staff because they're required to get a encroachment permit. The encroachment permit normally costs a few $100, but for these types of cases, our staff have waived cost to make sure that people are complying with these types of repairs. The second way is a property owner on their own could hire a contractor to repair, sidewalk in front of them.
Part of the reason we're bringing this to you is property owners are generally in the best position to know whether there are issues in front of their homes or walking by every day. They're seeing that that piece of sidewalk in front of their homes. And then the third is, our public works team has sidewalk repair, through their capital improvement program. Through that program, sidewalks are assessed. Sidewalks are the city is broken up into 10 districts. Sidewalks are assessed, and two districts are picked, I believe, every year for general affairs. You have the report in front of you. We have the suggested language. It's just a single section. We're here for any feedback you might be willing to provide.
And if you approve, we will bring the ordinance amendment to the full council in the fall. Great.
Okay. Questions? Yeah.
Are there any other programs that the city is aware of to help doctors with sidewalk repair in terms of grants or anything?
Not aware of any grants. There are various programs, that our neighboring cities have implemented. For example, there are some cities that split, the Cyclone Prepare 5050 and the city would reimburse up to a certain amount to for the property owner. There are also some programs that are hardship based.
I saw the report. Any additional ones? I'm not. I I tried to costly with the injuries, so I just wanted to see if there are any other opportunities out there.
And just to be clear, you're talking about grants for the to help the property owners repair the sidewalks? Yeah. I've outlined all of the programs I could find for you just so you had some options. And I did wanna, get fit to mention, we reached out to our insurance partners, to ask whether or not homeowner insurance might be impacted, and the response was we have not seen any this is a fairly common type of an ordinance. This language that we're proposing is fairly common. And the response from our insurance partners was that it's unlikely to raise insurance rates, and they have not seen such an increase anyway.
Okay. Either way.
Right.
And I just wanted to mention that the city, as it was mentioned, has a robust program for site. Last night, you passed a request from staff to allocate close to 1,700,000 for sidebar repair. The homeowners are responsible for an abdominal amount each towards the their share of the. A very small amount. So that's a. Anita?
Yeah. Thanks. Want her to speak on
Thanks for this report. Okay. So help me understand if if the responsibility gets put on the property owner and there's an issue with their sidewalk, then they contact the city. There's a discounted price that they would pay to get their sidewalk repaired or they can hire their own contractor.
Perfect. I wanna be clear.
That responsibility exists under the current ordinance that's in effect today. Okay. And it is the state law. Okay. So two, right now, if director Mary's team identifies a specific sidewalk that's in neighborhood and the property owner receives a notification that that degree is being repaired, I believe they pay a
I saw, like, $550
or so, but that's in the the rotating district that we happen to be focusing on. Right? What is it's outside of that rotating schedule? Yeah. So if, for example, if our maintenance services team identifies an issue and goes out there and faces it, they will send a letter to the property owner. The property owner, the letter outlines the process, which tells them to go to development services and ask for a permit, show this letter. And by doing that, they, they're waived all fees for the refurbishment. And they just pay a small amount to get the to the city's resource store contractor to fix the sidewalk? They would be responsible for hiring their own contractor. The contractor because they're working in our in our public right of way, the contractor would have to be bonded and insured.
Mhmm. And that is part of the encroaching permit requirements. Okay. And then they would hire a contractor and repair the sidewalk. Do we have a list of contractors? Mean, I'm just trying to figure out how to streamline this as much as possible for resident because, you know, let's say they get this notice or before they get this notice, someone does trip and fall, that potential lawsuit could put them out of a home or, you know, it mean the cost of a suit like that could ruin someone's life. And I'm just trying to avoid that situation. I I don't know whether or not our development services teams would make a recommendation for a contractor. Okay. I'm not sure. Okay.
Sorry. Go ahead.
No. I was gonna ask this. Isn't that a liability if we do recommend a contractor? Is it?
It could be. Yeah. Okay. I I think
our staff generally do not recommend any kind of contractors or professionals of any kind. Yeah. I I understand not wanting to give free press to, a private business, so that that makes sense to me. Endorsements. Yeah. Endorsements. Thank you. Okay. I mean, overall, I understand the desire to move in this direction. I think I'm just worried about that case that I'm talking about where if we make this liability on the private property owner and someone does get hurt, you know, not wanting that should ruin them financially. And I don't I don't know. I mean, it sounds like in our current ordinance, that's already the case. We're just we're just changing our language a bit more.
Yeah. And and so so if there
are conditions, for example, like a city tree lifting a sidewalk, the city would still be responsible for something like that. But if it is purely on the property or let's say they put in a sewer lateral and it was poorly done Mhmm. And the sidewalk is collapse collapsing underneath that sewer line. Excuse me. The homeowner would be responsible for that type of condition. Got it. Are we gonna message to homeowners that this is an updated ordinance? I just I can imagine someone tripping and falling again, getting a very nasty surprise in the form of a lawsuit that they weren't aware of the fact that liable for. There's no plan for any such messaging. All of our agenda items are posted when we talk about these things as you're aware.
The truth of the matter is these homeowners are regularly brought into these lawsuits anyway. Mhmm. So in terms of their involvement in these lawsuits, we don't expect to see any changes. Okay. Well, thanks for answering my questions. That gives me a little bit more at ease. Okay. Thank you, Mary.
Appreciate it. Yeah. And I think I think recently wasn't there something that we had recently where
Yeah.
There was an issue where It might be IP policy. Yeah. A a claimant, you know, was basically suing you know? Anyways alright. So what what's staff's recommendation? The This is the report?
It's a report. If you
have any feedback for us on the use of the ordinance, it's certainly welcome, or just to approve it to be brought back to the full council organization. Well, it seems like
it seems like we wanna bring it back to bring it up to council. So
Yeah. And I think there were some discussion points here on which I support the waive to decide what the tariff permit fees that makes sense to me. If we are able to establish a hardship program, I understand that might have a physical implication. I'd like to at least understand what that would cost when we have a conversation as a full council. It says 9% of the households earn an annual household income of less than 35,000. 20% of owner occupied units are considerable income. I don't imagine all of those homes are gonna be needing this fund. So just having a rough estimate as we discuss these accounts would be helpful. Like, what would the potential fiscal impact be, so we can make an informed decision on whether or not to establish a hardship program here.
Thank you. And the other thing is, the fact that we're aligning this with state legislation, state legislation, perhaps a paragraph or some language as to where this emanated from. It's like the assembly bill or senate bill that this came from. Just so we know Yeah.
That emanated from the state. Sure.
Okay. Do we issue public comment?
Have not, so I'd like to move on to public comment. Do we have any public comment related to this item? I don't have any cards, and I don't see anybody online. So I have to close public comment. And then do you have what you need?
Okay. I think so.
Thank you. Thank you.
So moving on to item number three, which is the California Air Resources Board safe Air Resources Board safe routes to school infrastructure project. It'll be a static update.
I'll just introduce the item by saying that we are very excited about this project. We have funding from the resources board to include access to 12 schools in in the city. The project is in design right now. We also have funding of $2,200,000, $2,260,000 for construction, and we're hoping that we can do all of these or many of these recordings as we can with the funding that we have. So Lucas, right, is our senior nonspecial engineer in his in his.
It. Quick. Thank you, Alex. Doctor. I'm sorry. I got a little fumble there. I have a short presentation for you this evening. Many members of our SAPERS digital program. This is an informational item. I'm bringing it to you now because we're still pretty early in the design process.
There's we're at a phase called 30% design where there's still still definitely some opportunity to make some to pivot if we need to. And also, you're also probably there's a chance we'll start hearing from constituents about some of these projects as we're doing our outreach to schools, and we'd like for you to be in the mood about what's going on and and have your opportunity to provide feedback. Right. So I will start with a little background on the school program and then dive into a description of the recommendations, and then, show a little bit more about where we are
Good.
The project, right now and what our plan is for the next year and with a little bit of time for discussion afterward. Alright. The overarching goal of Safe Routes to School, really as a as a nationwide, policy or a nationwide initiative is to make it safer and more convenient for people to to walk and back to school. And there are there are myriad benefits of this. It promotes healthier lifestyles among students.
It can sort of reduce traffic congestion and also transportation related emissions around schools. And research shows that kids who are walking at night in school arrive can, like, get a better mindset for learning, and this can also save parents time. And when when we put this together with our, you know, Hayward Rides program, which I know you're all aware of, like, we wanna make sure that we're matching our infrastructure to our non infrastructure. And, this is an opportunity to do that, although I will I will mention that that this is very heavily pedestrian focused rather than my focus, but, but I'll I'll get into that. So, how are we hoping to achieve these goals?
Well, this this project really started with, Alameda County Safeway School. Alameda County Transportation Commission provides consultant support and resources for school safety assessments or we all also called blog audits. And, we had 12 of these held between 2016 and 2020. There was a pause on just about everything after 2020, so that's one of the reasons we're just getting to it now. The other reason is that, we now, thanks to California Air Resources Board, have some real capital funds that we can put to these school safety assessments.
But these were held for 2036, 2020 attended by school officials, consultants. The city staff attended. There's usually some parents, parents there as well. Just an opportunity to observe and discuss and identify solutions. So the reason that we so, yeah, many many sorry.
Many of the improvements that are recommended through these assessments are signage and striping improvements, and those are are relatively simple for us to do. We can and we have implemented many of those with our paving over the years. We often get support from the maintenance services as well for installing these kinds of improvements. So those are, those are a little bit simpler. But here, we really did need that help from California Air Resources Board that gets capital funds behind, some of the more more intensive capital improvements.
The other components of this, as you know, there's the this giveaway giveaway, there were rides. There's the bike parking installation, that some of my colleagues are working on. There's a component that's active transportation. And then this is the infrastructure, topic for today. So the this infrastructure recommendations were made for 12 schools, and I'm not gonna go through this list.
I think the main thing that I want to to share with you here is that we're really spreading these dollars all throughout. We we wanna make sure that neighborhoods are are included. It also means that, because it's it's still not, like, a massive, unbelievable amount of money that we're still spreading, like, really focusing on a couple intersections at each school rather than, you know, developing the full, like, really implementing everything that was recommended to any one school because that would have been cost prohibitive. So we have we have screens the initial recommendations and try to focus on those that are highest impact so we could really, get all of these different schools. So the kinds of improvements that we are installing, currently signing, what you'll notice about these is they all pretty much involve concrete or asphalt, bulb outs, and rectangular, the flashing beacons, usually means, like, programming.
These beehives, different track circles, space crosswalks, kinds of things that are that we can occasionally do on a case by case basis in the city, but it's certainly more streamlined for us to to go over them in a a single capital program like this. Let's see. There's there's more detail also in the staff report about which of those go at which schools and also the handout that we made that provides a little bit more specificity. So right now, we are at 30% design. And and what that really means I just showed a a a capture of something that we're reviewing from our consultant right now.
Is that we know that the proposed treatments are feasible. If you were to look very closely, you could see, trucks the the outlines of trucks turning around these proposed ball bouts at this intersection. So we we know they can make the turn. We have looked to to see. We've gotten topographic survey, meaning we know how water is scored to drain from these after the improvements.
We know what kinds of improvements, new drain pipes or manholes or or relocating inlets that we'll have to do as part of this part of this project. But, there's still a long way to go in terms of, you know, actually figuring out, for example, the details of the pipes, the sizes, the specific locations, and and then, of course, design science and starting plans, which was a component of the, the school safety assessments that were done right there. Science and starting tends to come in a little bit later in the design process. So we're still also working on those as well. So those are all be in future submittals.
I think
we are also, doing outreach in a few different ways here. We're we're trying to spread the word about the improvements, and we're also trying to collect some data about, how people are changing their travel behaviors as a result of these improvements. So we have provided handouts like these like this, which we made for Longwood for each school. It's very simple as you can see compared to the previous technical drawing. I think that this is probably about the right level of detail.
This is also what's in your staff report. But so the idea was to to give them a good sense of of what would be coming. And, in the fall, we will be looking more closely at existing travel behaviors so that we can see, how they change, hopefully, as a result of having done these. And that's part of the survey that will be, that will be releasing in in the fall. So looking at that, we are currently meeting, you know, on an ad hoc basis with schools just because sometimes we we hear from them anyway.
It's a really good opportunity for us to make sure that whatever we're recommending is is being included. One of the reasons is there's still a ways to go. So we have especially a great opportunity to include additional signage and striping and to to make any little shifts that we might need to do. In the fall, we're doing outreach to parents, that pre installation evaluation. We are planning to finish the, project plans, specifications, and estimates, PSME, in spring so that we can be building next summer.
And I think the other note I wanted to make on this outreach is that these projects are I hope not to eat my words, but they are generally pretty uncontroversial kinds of things. We're talking about not really park removal in addition to what would be already be required under a b four thirteen. We're not taking lanes away, or anything. Right. So so these are these are really just, like, really focused intersection improvements at all these locations.
And they tend to be very popular when we discuss these kinds of improvements at public meetings. So we are performing outreach. I think that I would we're prepared to pivot if we need to, but I would be surprised if we had any major changes that needed to happen in the next next few months or so. That's all I have to share. Great.
We like less controversy. We like that.
Oh, sure.
Yeah. Go ahead.
Thanks for the report. I'm really excited about these, those changes. I think when it comes
to student safety, we need
to be unapologetic about trying to improve our streets. Just a question. This is for k through 12 schools. Correct? So, like, there's not I I know we had talked about best ring safety around Cal State East Bay, particularly along along Here Boulevard, but that would be funded separately from this grant. Correct. Okay. And then I know the school district is facing a deficit that may potentially lend itself to school closures or campuses being suspended. I'm curious if you've had conversations around the sequencing for these changes just to make sure that we're not investing a lot of money in capital improvement in locations that may potentially not have a campus in the next couple of years. Has that discussion happened, or have you checked in with maybe staff at the school district?
Not on that particular question. I I there's more that that or director Maria wanna add. Feel free. But, that's that's a very interesting point that we, can certainly take into consideration. We haven't had that conversation yet with the school district.
Okay. Yeah. I'm just it it still might improve the neighborhood, but, you know, if the goal is correct students, there might not be students there. It might help with how we decide to roll out and what order we decide to install these these rollouts and safety improvements. I'm supportive of almost all the plans you've outlined in the packet. I am curious. The Winton Mill School location seems to have pretty minimal changes, though. Is there anything more we could do there design wise? I think it's maybe the last one in in of the images. Yeah.
That's a I think that's a good point in in that some of this the improvements are not all reschools getting the same amount of investment, and that is something that that stuff weighs weighs on my mind a little bit. I do know we do have some strategies driving plans for for Witten as well. And, really, it it I think we're really trying to match the the solutions to the problems that we, are seeing at these locations. And sometimes that's just resulting in some schools very clear obvious intersections that, you know, have clear solutions and others that didn't. So we can we can look for additional opportunities there.
Okay. So I mean, it's not that we necessarily need more here, but when I'm looking at, you know, extending the median and reelining the crosswalk, when you say extend median, maybe widening it a little bit so there's kind of an island for pedestrians to stand in in the middle as they cross? Or
At that location, the crosswalk is is really angled. They they actually because the pedestrian are unusually large, long, long path of travel to cross. And so we're straightening out that entire intersection and pushing the median out. I would have to look again to see if that includes an end cap on the median or not. I think we should be able to include that. Okay. I'll just need to check the geometry to make sure.
That that would be my hope because Winston and So to is a really busy street. You have middle school right there, the Cannery, and a park associated with Cannery not too far away. So I can imagine a number of students crossing over to get to that park or B Street to get to the downtown. So anything we can do to make that particular crosswalk a bit safer for pedestrians beyond just, you know, straightening out the crosswalk, I'd I'd strongly encourage. But, otherwise, I mean, this looks great. And do we have a timeline on, you know, when we're gonna start seeing some of these become real? Summer. Next summer.
Oh gosh. I would not be here. I'm doing the construction segment. No. I know. This this would be next summer.
Okay.
Great. That that's
all I got. Thank you.
Yeah. I just wanted to just Winton Winton and Amador? No. Winton, Minnesota. Yeah. Yeah. Big intersection, busy intersection, And so whatever we could do to, like, really enhance that,
that would be great.
Councilmember Ray.
Thank you for the report. I am excited to see that Miami and your report in Melbourne is getting a traffic circle. I actually asked for a traffic circle a couple of years ago, and they were saying it wasn't enough space. Did something change in the requirements for a traffic circle that allowed it this time?
I can't say I was privy to a couple of years ago. I I do know that we the footprint of that intersection is very similar to one of the circles we have up in Fairview. Yeah. So there and we were able to run top chart printing templates around it. I think it I think what might happen or may have happened is a different choice of design view.
think we're designing so that something like a garbage truck, which we call an s c 30, can turn lane to lane. And sometimes cities will use larger vehicles, like a like a big someone that we deliver groceries or something. And and those would be either a w b 40 or a w b 50, and that refers to the length between the wheels.
Okay.
So And so there there the choice of design vehicle really can, affect the what's considered feasible. But, yeah, I'm not sure exactly why
it might change.
Well, the reason why I was brought I brought it up is because it was a lot of donuts in this particular intersection. So the response was that it's not gonna prevent donuts from happening, but and then that they it wasn't enough space.
Yeah. I
I haven't seen donuts at
an intersection with traffic circle.
It was not to say that's that's impossible.
But Okay. Yeah. Yeah. Because there's just there's homes right there. So that was always good. So I'm just happy to see it happen. Yeah. And then I understand. I thought Faith Winegold was
Faith Ringgold.
Ringgold. Yeah. I thought that was gonna be the one on the list.
It was originally a few years back, but I don't know if
it is anymore. Okay. So
No. I'm saying that might be one that you should check the status of.
Oh, okay. Yeah. Yeah.
And and then I wanted to know about schools on major streets like Monroe being on Mission. Are there any issues with traffic safety there just because there's so many kids causing in that area going to the shopping centers and
There certainly could be. And and I wanna say one thing is that these are walkouts that we performed between, 2016, 2020, and we're still trying I say trying because they can be difficult to schedule, but we're still out there, doing school safety assessments with additional schools. Mhmm. In fact, one of the more recent ones, was harder, and one of the reasons that recommendations came in
a little bit later
from that one is because we were still developing them. But so so Moro could be something that I'll be the CTC that I wanna work with in the future, environment on the outside.
I was just saying, we are gonna do some serious quarter studies and Mission Boulevard is gonna be one of them in the near future, and I'm willing to out of outreach and schools will be part of that.
Yep. Because I I know the next item is the management plan. So I was on and those mission was identified. So I just was curious to see if there's any nexus there. Okay. That's all for me. Thanks.
Good. Okay. I don't have any well, I I guess the only I guess the only comment I was gonna make is given that this is school related, I was thinking maybe we can give this presentation at the at the HLAT. HLAT? Yeah.
You know, because it would clarify, you know, the what schools but I was looking at the list. I I don't think any of these schools have ever been, like, on any other I mean, they're all relatively you know, these are strong schools and, you know, in terms of attendance and so forth. But it it so so that's the one point. The second point is I was gonna make is in addition to, you know, safe routes to schools, of course, is not only, you know, paint and and sidewalks and and so forth. It's also trash pickup and making sure that it's a it's a clear way to walk to school.
And I know we have our development services or maintenance services director here. And, you know, and so I know we've been working on this for a very long time, and and the schools in these areas, are not, you know, there's a lot of illegal dumping in those areas, and and they know that we can certainly work on that. So, anyways yeah.
How about a presentation to the Hayward Youth Commission?
It's unbelievable. It's unbelievable. Yeah.
Yeah. Because then you get morale in there.
Okay.
Okay. Thank you. And if there are no other comments here, we'll open up for public comment. Is there any public comment online or in the room? Seeing none seeing none, no. Okay. Go right in.
Again, so I also one of the hats I wear, I was working with the county program, and I leave volunteer events to pretty much pick up trash. So I leave my business card, and if there are certain certain areas that I think volunteer event, I'm happy
to host one. Saturday evening. It has
to be obviously safe for all the volunteers that we work with a lot of the different types
of cooks do this. Okay.
And then also local community groups as well.
Yeah. Talk to the person sitting right behind you for a flyer and talk to council member Andrews for more information. And we're always looking for volunteers to go out and help us restore a lot of the new Hang
up stuff.
Yeah. Great. Thank you. Okay. So thank you. Do you have what you do you have what you need? Okay. So I'd like to close this item, move on to the next item, which is the Vision Zero update speed speed management plan.
Yes, I mean, members of the committee, we have three grant from UST, safe streets for all to develop a speed management plan. We know that speeding is a major concern of council. We have in past, we have looked at design speeds for the roads and then posted speeds. And this is a new concept of what is the appropriate speed, what is the desired target speed for different type of roads. And we have a presentation that we wanna share with you, and Byron is here.
Byron Tang is our principal transportation Baird. Engineer, and he's going to present.
Good evening, mayor and members of the committee.
I'm here with Mandy. She's from Baird And Baird and
she's a consultant for this the consultant who's invited and will be presenting on. She's
not a member of the youth commission.
She's not a member of the youth commission?
Okay. So just an overview of the agenda of what we'll be talking about. First, I'll talk a little bit about the background of why and how speeds are an issue here in Hayward and what why why the speed management plan is kind of like the approach we're using. We'll talk a little bit about the framework for the speed management plan and which uses the most updated guidance and best practice, natural best practice. Then we'll talk a little bit about the next steps, and we're here to get your feedback and comments on our progress so far.
I just wanna make a note that we we will say things like target speed, and that will sound a lot like the speed limit, but that is not speed limit. It's gonna be very different than speed limit, and we'll explain more about that. Alright. So I'm going back to 2023, the city passed of Boca Road safety plan, and with that, the vision zero about 2050 policy. And that policy stated that the city's goal is to focus on safety and to to a point where we would have zero traffic collision fatalities and severe injuries by 2050.
So with that, we developed a high injury network which showed the roadways with the most most of those type of collisions. And then, also, the local safety plan identified that unsafe speeding was one of the main factors in these type of collisions. Specifically, it was associated as a main factor in twenty percent of these failed and severe injury crashes. So with that, the city the city went for some grant funding, and with that, the speed management plan is a way to an approach to really figure out a way to reduce these fees so we can reach our safety goals. So you've probably seen before the the graphics that show how vulnerable pedestrians are, and this graph kind of is a expands on that and shows how different collisions have and what the result is in percentage of fatalities.
So as you can see to the the very left in the red is pedestrian, and they are the most vulnerable road users. As the impact speed goes up, their fatality risk goes up. As you move further to the right, those are crashes that are involving autos. They also have fatality risk, but that's at higher speeds. One of the main things about seeing this graph is you can see for collision types of all all road users that at normal speeds that you see around the city, like 30 miles per hour, 35 miles per hour, there's still very significant fatalities, especially for pedestrians, but even for autos.
So that that is a concern, and and it's it's no surprise why we do get these kind of collisions when drivers are going that fast. So when it comes to speed management plan, we're doing a four step approach. And right now, we're in step one, which really has two parts. It has it's and it's and it's really this is, like, the main, like, paradigm shifting part of it, where we're gonna look at our streets differently and how they function, and then we're gonna look and assign target speeds to those street types. So I'll explain a little bit about that in the next slide.
And then after step one, we'll go to step two where we're gonna develop countermeasures for each street type and create a toolbox. So we have we have countermeasures to treat these all over the city. And then step three, we'll look at priority projects. Using data, we will see which projects are most beneficial to go for first, and then step four would be in the future to identify opportunities and strategies to institute institutionalize safe speeds. Okay.
So there's a lot here, so I'll just explain. In determining the target speed, it's really important to determine, like, the purpose of the roadway. It used to be that traffic engineers would just look at the roadway and how many vehicles are on that, and then they would determine that's what and then they would determine the speed that fits that level of traffic. Now nowadays best practice when it comes to speed management is to look more more into the roadway and the context of it. So what is the purpose of that roadway?
Is it to move people and goods? Is it to facilitate access to families and people walking to school, or is it to help with their economic development so people can go to shops? So with that, we have four different street types here on this graph, and I'll just go over really quickly. So we have connected streets, which are arterial infectors outside of commercial areas, and they're typically have a high level of traffic, but don't really have a lot of destinations people would would go to. And then to the right on top right, we have Coorsreach, which have a high level traffic and a high level many destinations.
So this is just very busy streets. And then on the bottom right, we would have play streets, which are typically downtown streets or local streets inside commercial areas where we would expect there to be a lot of destinations people would wanna go to, but not a lot of not a lot of traffic. And then to the bottom left, we have neighborhood streets, which mainly serve residential or local streets that there there are people living there, but there's not a lot of not not not a lot of destination destinations. So with that, we do have once we have these street types, then we apply this target speed, and it's shown there on the map. And these are the target speeds that we are looking to, like, a goal for these streets.
So when people are on these streets, it is safer. And when there's a collision, we're not gonna expect a higher chance of those fatal and spirit injuries. So now Anvi will talk a little bit about the details and the data and how this applies to Hayward in general.
Thanks, Byron. Okay. So I'm gonna oh, sorry. Thank you. So I'm gonna walk us through what these street types when they're applied to the city of Hayward look like. So here, we're you can see the street type map across the city. So you see all the connector streets, which are the streets in black. Those are the arterials and collectors outside of the and outside of the commercial areas. Most of them are, like, within our industrial areas. We see the core streets in green, which would be those arterials and collectors that lie along key commercial corridors.
So for example, streets like Hisperian and Mission. We see Play Streets, are in that yellow, which are mostly concentrated around downtown, but also are some lower volume streets in commercial areas that are along Mission. And then everything else, which is in the very light gray, is the rest of the city's tollway network, which is basically neighborhood streets, which are largely serving residential areas. This slide is now showing how these how these target speeds that we've developed for each street type compare compared to actual observed speeds. Note that this comparison is we're looking at actual observed speeds, not speed limits, and we're also comparing observed speeds during the morning peak period.
And we're using this because our observed speed analysis show that this is the time period where speeds are actually the highest outside of the overnight period where most people are not traveling. So that's why we're looking we're comparing these specifically to the AM peak period. And I think the most notable takeaway here is that almost 70% of our core streets are exceeding the target speeds by 10 miles per hour or more during the AM peak. So that that's where, you know, we have the opportunity of making the biggest impact. The other thing that we're seeing on this slide is also the percentage of KSI collisions per mile that occurred on these streets.
KSI collision stands for killed or severely injured, which are basically any collision that resulted in a fatality or a severe injury. Unsurprisingly, we see that core streets, again, have the highest rate of KSI collisions per mile. Another another thing to note here is that almost 50% of our neighborhood streets, so that's most of our residential streets, are also exceeding our target speeds by 10 miles per hour or more. While the city is not seeing a lot of KSI collisions on these streets, it is still worth exploring, you know, some lower cost, low hanging fruit type of countermeasures on these streets to still bring down speeding and bring them closer to the speeds we would want to have on streets where people are walking to school, kids are playing around. And here, we're seeing those differences between the target speed and the observed speed during the morning peak period, and this is helping us identify some hotspots.
So if you look at the segments in the in the red, those are segments that are exceeding the target speed by 15 miles per hour or more. And where you're seeing orange, those are exceeding the target speed by 10 to 14 miles per hour. So looking at some of those, like, long corridors that we're seeing in terms of connectors and four streets, we see that corridors like Mission, Hispereon, Industrial Parkway are exceeding our target speed by by a significant amount during the morning period. And then if you focus a little bit more on some of the residential street, we're seeing a lot of the North South running residential streets, such as Santa Clara, Highport, Whitman, Calderoga. All of these are also exceeding our target speed by 15 miles per hour or more.
And with that, the next step where we're gonna take this analysis is we're gonna start developing a set of countermeasures to appropriately manage these speeds and bring our observed speeds closer to our target speeds. We're also exploring a methodology for identifying the top speed priority speed reduction corridors, which would be, you know, corridors that would serve as an example of how to apply these countermeasures across the city, and these corridors would be identified based on several prioritization factors such as the you would see the corridors that have the highest speed discrepancy between target and observed speeds, which have high collision history, which have a higher equity need, and have significant vulnerable user exposure.
Yeah. I'll just add that. So, yeah, again, like, speed is is not the speed limit. It is a goal that we're trying to get to to really get some vision zero by twenty fifty vision. Really, that's that's the main takeaway here and and one of the main takeaways here is in that, like, next year, you're not gonna see the target speed become the speed of it become the target speed. And sometimes, it may take a while to get observed speeds down to where they near the target speeds for some streets, and some some streets, it may happen faster. But, yeah, this is a big a big difference in terms of what target speed is versus the speed limit. And then with that, if you have questions and feedback
Yes. Yeah.
Thank you for the report. I wanted to know about the downtown specific plan and how it connects with this speed management plan. Are we looking at that? I know recently recommended something on B Street, I think the two way, but I know there's also more that we have to consider given the Alameda County Transit Commission. Right? So just wanted to see how that would impact our solutions here for the the downtown areas or those place streets.
Can say something. In terms of actually, Ferran Pierce is working on our safe streets downtown project, which is looking at how downtown can be reimagined and looking at things like the loop and some of the safety issues it's causing. So really a lot of the the recommendations and the the countermeasures and tools that we get out of this, since this is ahead of it, we can use. They can also use for that. So I think there's a lot of attention getting them in downtown too.
Okay. And then I know folks, they use Whitman instead of Mission. So are we also looking at the impact of the neighboring streets that are probably gonna be, you know, hit more since they're now gonna be looking at Whitman as well? What are we doing to minimize the impact on some of the other streets? Because I hear say now everyone's on Whitman because it's so crowded on Mission.
Yeah. I think I understand the question. This is a citywide. We're looking at all streets. We're not I guess, we're not leading out streets here. So we are we would be looking at countermeasures. These countermeasures that will be recommended can be applied to any of the streets you saw on that map there, which was pretty much all the city streets.
Yeah. I'm just thinking about what what happened on Hayward Boulevard. We had folks come in and tell us, oh, they're using ways, and now they're in our neighborhood. So I just wanna make sure that we're kinda thinking of that when we start looking at these other pathways, I guess. So okay. Thank you.
Thank you both for the report. I think
this is really excellent work. I like the way that you walked us through got us to this last map that shows our streets and where they're exceeding the category that you've put them in. In line with the priorities in the last slide or trying to prioritize specific streets, I'd love to see a view of this map overlaid with where the collisions at KSIs are actually happening. I figure you're gonna do that anyways as you figure out which streets you wanna prioritize, but I'd love to see that information as well. I think, overall, this plan, this approach this plan makes a lot of sense.
I don't have any, you know, any significant critiques or or feedback here. I wish the folks that came to our here at Boulevard meeting could take a look at this map and just see how red the Hills are, because it's definitely one of the hot spots. But, you know, we'll move on. Yeah. This is great. I think this is a really iconic, one great approach to how we think about slowing our streets and and we're slowing specific streets over others. What comes next with this information is how how we're gonna prioritize traffic health measures moving forward.
Yes. They will we will we will be able to prioritize just based off the speed differential you're seeing in where the clip is occurring, which maybe which railways are more more beneficial to look at first. But, yeah, that'll be part of the next step.
Great. Okay.
Yeah. And I think as with everything,
you know, how do you
agree lens to this? If we're seeing that one side of the city, even if I mean, obviously, we wanna prioritize most dangerous streets first. But if we're finding that and spent two years improving one side of the town, not the other, just being mindful of making sure we're spreading the, infrastructure improvements around.
Thanks. Excellent.
Thank you. Great presentation. I'm not gonna add anything to Great.
So I'd like to next open this up for public comment. Is there anybody that would like to make a public comment on this? Seeing none, I'd like to close the public comment, and then I'll move on to item number five, which is future agenda items.
Agenda?
Are we gonna speak to these crossbots audience?
It's not an ordinance.
Oh, okay. Got it.
Just making sure.
Okay. Seeing none, I will, move from item number five to staff oral reports and announcements.
So just just to clarify, there was a request earlier. You said period report on SkyWest property? Exactly. Yes. I I have included. Okay. Thank you.
Alright. Staff, what were reports and announcements?
So, mister mayor, committee members, I'm very excited to talk about the ministry and the improvements that we have done there. We have seen the new sidewalks, the new landscaping that we have done there in the pavement. The crown of the road has been brought down in some places by as much as eight inches or so. So the sleep goes better. It's, you know, functional.
You have probably, at least, the striping cap track that we have found in. There is one street that the lane deduction is not going to have a major impact on the ability of the street to carry traffic. Mhmm. So we are excited about that. But part of the project was to improve one intersection, intersection BNA with the crosswalk.
And we have some designs here that we wanted to share with you. We have six different designs. What you're looking at right now, the slide before that was the intersection of a street. It's going to have the regular crosswalks. This one is the intersection of DNA, four crosswalks. All four of them can be decorative if that's what you choose to do. So we have six different designs. Three of them are black and white. They are a little less costly to do. Yes.
This is one one example. This is in tune with the crosswalks that we have crossing Foothill, which is, you know, piano keys. So this is one design. Next. This is another one in keeping with the downtown being a destination for restaurants and such.
And some other design, again, black and white. Next one. And this is, you know, all users using the. So that's the third one, The next one, this one is in color, full color, even the background is all color, and more or less similar to the one that is in front of the library right now. Not the same design, but the same concept.
The next is another one, all colors, music theme. And the last one is more, you know, flowers and and and trees. So we are very excited about receiving the comments and the preference for any of these that we can implement.
Great.
Have we consulted the DHI on the concepts yet, or are we Alright. Going to. Going to. Yes. Got it. Okay. Well, I'm very happy, obviously. I I understand the cost might be a factor. Is it significant for full color? Or
We we we can afford it. We can. Okay. The project. Okay. There is kind of allocation in the project will be Okay. This intersection.
Because I can also see kind of the music theme if we were to look at what we're doing for possibly Russell City as that is a Russell City Blues. So I don't know if we're looking in that area later. So I don't know if we should keep that theme on that side and downtown because, again, know we have music downtown, but I think it's a better connection in the Russell City area. Understood. But I would be curious to see what folks say, but I would prefer I would just say I I would prefer color. I think the color with the white is a happy medium if we don't want full color, but I know the library, it seems to be a big impact on the with the colorful crosswalk. So
So your comment is color for I would say
I would say color is number one. Number two, mix, and then the black and white Gotcha. Third. Okay. Prioritized. And then I do but I do like the utensils for the restaurants,
that's good to do. Did they have an option for color for the restaurant? Because that one was black and white, but did they I saw that the music had some color in it. Did they have the same range?
We can find something. Okay.
First of all, thank you to you and your team for your work on the Main Street project. It's been exciting to see it come along, and I'm I'm just really thrilled with the improvements that it always had in how the downtown looks and feels. So I'm excited this project can reach completion. Agree with Amber. I think a balance of color would be helpful.
I think my issue with the number of these designs, they don't necessarily feel or look like crosswalks, and I wanna make sure that, you know, these are beautification, but also for safety as well. And I feel pretty strongly that, number six is really the most viable, like, classy option. I I don't want our downtown to feel too, I don't I don't know. I don't wanna use that too negative of a word here, but we have to imagine that right on B Street in Maine, we're gonna have a beautiful potentially six story building, brand new with a mural on it next to it too. And how do we want this this city center to feel to outside visitors?
And I think the other other designs feel a little bit too I guess elementary is the word that I would use here. They make sense in front of the library where we're we're having a lot more of a kid friendly focus, but this feels the most professional, the most classy to me. I like the subtle and sparing use of color to make it pop. And if there are other designs that kind of incorporate natural elements like this, I'm open to entertaining others. But of this batch, I'm like, this is a hill that I feel like I will die on because I will physically find myself cringing if there's other options. If we go to some these other options in the middle of our downtown. So it's just yeah. I feel very strongly about option six. That's all I'm saying.
Yeah. I agree. You know? And and I just want you know, whatever we do and I know that this is just you're just sort of showing this to us right now. But whatever we do, as long as it it just has to be nice. It just it just really has to be beautiful and nice. And I think, you know, that we're gonna potentially down the road, we're gonna have this, you know, building brand new building that that it'll likely be very modern looking. And so, you know, anyways, I guess because, you know, as you were talking and I was looking at this and as you were talking, I was thinking, you know, the city flower is the carnation. You know? Oh. And I don't know, you know, but that if that you know, how that would look like, and I don't know. I know those are poppies. But
That's California flower.
So maybe we have four intersections, maybe two red carnation ones. I don't know if you can find the artist and have them replace those with red carnations and then two poppies. So there's Okay.
But but as long as it's you know, I just it it just has to elevate that whole corner. B Street parties, that is a busy corner. Even with the musical notes, that's where our band's set up. You know, you got, you know, the bistros there. Mhmm. You know, you know, on one corner, you got a bunch of beer drinkers sitting around, you know, drinking beers. I mean so, you know, something that, you know, that just, you know, sort of attracts that. But, anyway, I guess, as long as it's beautiful, bright, and Simple. It's yeah. Absolutely. Absolutely. But it's just classy. And and and I so, you know, I absolutely agree.
I would say
this is actually kinda this one's actually kinda confusing because I can see that people are like, hey. Is this a symbol that should I use it? Yeah. Can I use it?
Is it a crosswalk? Is it a crosswalk?
So I would say mix this one. Alright. But, yeah, I'm I'm fine with the this option. Yeah. Similar. Okay.
Sounds good. I failed to introduce Samuel, who is the project manager, senior civil engineer, project manager for the Main Street in downtown, and he has carried it to now 95% completion. Great. It's something you'll be familiar for when we have the green color and the white lanes. We'll take your feedback and and look forward to the carnation.
Great. Great. Appreciate it. Okay. Next is committee member announcements.
South Hayward Market tomorrow night at 680 West Tennyson and at the SAC Center slash Beauty and Youth and Family Center, I believe, five to 8PM. And then Saturday night, Hayward Night Market at Saint Rose four to 08:30PM, family friendly event. Giveaways, live music, food vendors, love to see you there.
Last night, I gave a shout out to maintenance for June team. You guys did an amazing job with street closures and just having everything out there. Paul Lewis especially worked really hard. I made sure to give him a nice meal from the. So he was very happy about the meal. So I just wanted to thank you all for all your hard work. I know it's not easy to do that. And there was a wedding at City Hall, and the wedding party came down at Juneteenth. So you all were doing double duty with the events that day. So thank you so much, Larry Mark.
Okay. Oh, cleanup. Again, Keith Keith Perry, Clean or Cleaning Green Commission, Saturday. I believe it's 08:30 to twelve at evening. So come on out the triggers, or we'll have them for you. Excellent.
Yeah. We do we do have something we wanna mention. Lucas, would you like to talk a little bit about that?
Yeah. I actually had two two short verbal updates. I'm sorry, but you're all getting ready to move, but I I did wanna share this with you. One is about the the Mission Boulevard project downtown. Recently, we well, we awarded a contract to Chris for the striping of Mission Boulevard, would pilot on street parking in one of the lanes.
And we just had our pre construction meeting for that, and we'd have it might have really get our contract executed, but we are planning to proceed with that in the next couple of months. We are going to get out some changeable message signs so that people know it's coming and also do another round of of outreach just to let people know. And we already talked to everyone door to door, but we're gonna do it again because you really wanna it's it's gonna be high profile. I'd like to make sure that happens. And then I have one other update, which was on Industrial Parkway.
We we are with our paving project doing a blend of class two and class four facilities on Industrial Parkway. We did send out a mailer, and there's some parking removal. We had an error on mailer, which we take responsibility for, which was the email address. And we are we sent out another mail right now just to to give people yet another opportunity to to comment. I I do wanna say that there was still the opportunity for people even if they didn't have to if they sent tried to send an email address and it didn't work, there was a QR code. And I spoke to the person who was managing that QR code and and didn't get any other responses. So we we're we're trying to get the word out.
I really like the QR codes that you all have downtown.
Oh, yeah. On the street.
And, like, great. Is there a way you can do something like that when you have more intensive projects like this in some of the high profile areas where, you know, there's a lot of pedestrian traffic? And then, also, if you can have maybe a flyer or poster for the coffee shops in the area, if that's something it's it's not that many on industrial, but I think it would be good because I know a lot of people go into to the Starbucks Posh Bagel and just have it on the board just in case such as
Yep. We'll find out
if we
can do it. Okay. Thanks.
Okay. If there is no more, we get adjourned. Thank you. Good summer.
This transcript was automatically generated from the official public meeting video and is presented unedited. It reflects remarks made on the public record by elected officials, staff, and public commenters. Transcript accuracy may vary; view the original recording for reference.